Speed/Moving average speed/Smoothed speed

Speed refers to the distance per second covered by the worm along its central axis.

• If the sign is positive, the worm is moving forward (head direction).
• If the sign is negative, the worm is moving backward (tail direction).

The speed is based on the position of the mid-point along the central axis. Image noise may affect speed measurements.

• Use Moving Average Speed or Smoothed Speed to reduce the effects of noise.

Moving average speed refers to the speed for a particular worm, averaged across a number of frames. The number of frames is known as the size of the moving window.

Using a moving average reduces the effects of noise, and also results in a latency in speed measurement.

• To adjust the number of frames, enter a different Average across value in the Moving Average Speed parameters.

Smoothed speed refers to the Moving average speed smoothed over a user-defined frame span using locally weighted polynomial regression[1] [1] William S. Cleveland and Susan J. Devlin, Locally Weighted Regression: An Approach to Regression Analysis by Local Fitting, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 83, No. 403 (Sep., 1988), pp. 596- 610..

This method can remove outliers caused by worm model fitting error.

• To adjust the span, enter a different Span value in the Smoothed Speed parameters.

To display the histogram with new parameters, click the Refresh Data button.

• Track ID: To display the data associated with a track, select the Track ID.
• Bin Width: The bins are the vertical columns in the histogram. They represent some fixed range of value over which the software counts the number of data points that fall within the bin range.
• Measurement Range: The range of values considered in the histogram. The number of bins is the range divided by the bin width.